Boxing for skill and health

Hollinger Corp.
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Copy 1

HOW to BOX

25 CENTS

BOXING FOR SKILL
AND HEALTH

BY

IRA L. WOOD, Jr.

Copyright, 1901, by Bernarr Macfadden

PUBLISHED BY

PHYSICAL CULTURE PUBLISHING CO.
Townsend Building, Broadway and 25th St
New York City

WTusraryof!

congress,

Two Copies Received

NOV, 16 1901

Copyright entry

CLASS ou XXc No.

copy a ^

EACH one of the blows illustrated
must be diligently practised.
Secure an opponent about your equal
and take turns in giving and receiv-
ing the blows. Practice each one
from twenty-five to fifty times.
Never start in by boxing roughly
without science. Confine your prac-
tice to the various blows until you
can use them in regular sparring,
and even then refrain from using
blows you have not become proficient
iv;<fctivfiring.;°: : :

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Introduction .: = 5

Don'ts 12

Position 23

Left lead blocked, with right landing straight left,

to chin 27

Straight left lead landing on side of head over right

guard, blocking left with right 29

Blocking lead for head with left hand open, right hand

in position to land on body 31

Short right hook to chin by side-step to left, inclining

slightly forward, getting inside left guard, blocking

right with left hand- 33

Left upper-cut to chin, avoiding a right lead for the

head, guarding the body with right 35

Head and upper body inclined backward from straight

left lead for the chin, keeping in position to land

before opponent can recover 37

Recovering after backward incline with quick left lead

for head 39

Right cross-counter to head, blocking right with left

hand 41

Right counter to body, slight duck from left lead for the

head; left hand and arm passing between opponent's

right arm and body. . 43

Blocking left lead for the head with left glove open,

leading right to body 45

Blocking left lead to body with right, leading left for

head being blocked with right 47

Side-step to right, ducking left lead for the head, land-
ing left swing to body ? 49

iv CONTENTS.

PAGE

Blocking a rush 51

Blocking left lead for head with right forearm, counter-
ing on head with short left swing 53

Missing left lead for the head, blocking right body

blow with left, landing right upper-cut to chin. ... 55

Landing short left swing to side of body before it can
be blocked, right hand stopping a left lead for the
body 57

Ducking a left lead for the head, countering on the

kidneys with right 59

Feinting with left to draw right lead for body, allowing
it to land or glance by, sending short swing to
head with left 61

Ducking right swing for the head, right hand being

blocked with left 63

Starting left swing for the head, guarding and ready to

block with right 65

Ducking left swing, landing right to body 67

Blocking left lead to head with right, landing left

swing to head. , 69

Landing short right hook to chin, inside left lead to
head, blocking right to body with left 71

Feinting with left, side-stepping to left, landing left to
side of head, right in position to land on body to
stop rush or clinch 73

Blocking left lead for body with right forearm, step-
ping in and landing left hook to side of head 75

A double rush, blocking with both arms yy

Landing right to body with head in danger of a right

upper-cut yg

Some tricks in boxing ,

INTRODUCTION.

Among the diversions, and sports of nations,
boxing, in one form or another, plays an im-
portant part. It dates back to ancient times,
and had its admirers and votaries when wrest-
ling, running, discus throwing, etc., were mak-
ing of the Grecian people the strongest, most
beautiful and brilliant people of all time. It has
suffered many vicissitudes, falling into com-
parative obscurity during the Middle Ages, with
its cavaliers, swords and lances, and more dan-
gerous physical contests than fisticuffs.

The first stimulus it received in modern times
was from the prize fighting gentry. These fel-
lows were strong, but vulgar, and their fights
had to be pulled off in secret ; until literary men
got to writing about the manly art, and modern
opinion modified the bare knuckles fight, with

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BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

its bloody and bruised flesh, to the glove con-
test with its display of skill and gentlemanly
bearing. The race of fistic champions that has
marched into public view in the last quarter of a
century were probably not heroes worthy of
worship, but their deeds awoke an interest in the
art that brought forth thousands of amateur
boxers all over the country, and stimulated the
athletic craze which has been bearing such fine
fruit in our colleges and gymnasiums.

Along with the knowledge that exercise pro-
motes health, strengthens the body, and makes
life more enjoyable, came the demonstration that
boxing — friendly boxing — was not only a great
sport, but one of the most invigorating and valu-
able exercises as well. It is a well established
fact that it develops general muscular strength,
agility, promotes circulation, aids digestion,
trains the eye, quickens the brain, gives one self
confidence, and demonstrates the value of self
control.

With all these things in its favor, boxing can
no longer be looked upon as something not to
be desired in a gentleman's training. Indeed,
now it is a quite important item in it. You will

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

7

find a boxing instructor in the gymnasium of
every college and athletic club in the country,
whose duties are solely to teach the art of hit-
ting and defense. And learning this does not
make a man coarse or brutal. On the other
hand, it makes him more manly, more apt to
avoid trouble. Observation will show you that
men who are evenly developed, who know and
control their powers, are inclined to be exceed-
ingly good natured. Their development has
made them companionable instead of increasing
the brutal attributes of their nature.

It is not my purpose to go into the history
of boxing, or to write a long essay on the advan-
tages of the exercise. I will leave that to speak
for itself.

You know that usually, in the hands of an in-
structor, it requires a long course of lessons to
become proficient in the art, and these are
usually expensive. . The aim of this little volume
is to supply clear directions, with ample illus-
tration, of all the phases of the art, whereby any
one may, with the aid of a little practise with a
companion, become a proficient boxer. We rec-
ommend the course for the diversion that will

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BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

be obtained from it, for the benefit to your
strength and health that will follow, and for the
lessons in self control that it will inculcate. You
may never desire, nor ever have the occasion,
to put your hands up in a contest with your fel-
low man, in which other than friendly rivalry
plays a part ; but none the less you want to know
how to apply this highly interesting physical art.

Readers of history are familiar with the tragic
scenes that were sometimes enacted in the Ro-
man amphitheaters, when rival boxers came to-
gether under the conditions that prevailed then,
while the despots were seeking the thrill of ex-
citement produced by the strenuous efforts, or
sufferings of others. Many and many a time,
with the hand strengthened by thick leather
coverings, sometimes reinforced by iron bands,
those old gladiatorial boxers furnished bloody
spectacles that would have blanched the cheek
of the most ardent follower of prize fighting as
it is conducted to-day.

It was not unusual then for one or both an-
tagonists to receive fatal injuries. The gleaves
were worn oftener than gloves, and with these a
powerful man could easily kill an opponent at 3,

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

9

blow. Under these circumstances it may be
readily imagined that the art of "self-defense"
was more elaborate than it is now, especially
when we bear in mind that contests sometimes
lasted for hours. One could not take chances of
allowing a blow to land, when an opponent's
hand was encased in an envelop of metal and
leather that made it as formidable as a savage's
war club. The rules of boxing as they maintain
to-day would have been worth but little to one
of those strenuous boxers. An opening then
usually meant death, and boxing, naturally, was
not so much of a give and take game as it is to-
day ; it was more of a wary, waiting and watch-
ing for an opportunity to inflict injury. When
one calls to mind the brutal, bloody scenes which
culminated the boxing contests of the gladia-
torial period, he does not wonder that during
the ages of clerical supremacy, and long after-
ward that the sport was considered low and de-
grading. The entire history of the art has to be
remade ; a new system of boxing devised, a new
science created to fit in with modern thought
and conditions.

This new history has been written, the new

IO

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

science evolved and boxing occupies the place in
physical culture to-day among the masses of
America that wrestling did in the great days of
Grecian history. It is the exercise most gen-
erally taught in the athletic organizations, gym-
nasiums, etc., and the one that the leading men
who go in for any sort of athletic training gen-
erally take most interest in, because of the
spirit of gentle rivalry that it engenders, and the
stimulating effects that are sure to attend any
spirited contest with an opponent. Fighting cer-
tainly belongs to the lower orders of society to-
day as it always has done, but sparring is quite
as much of a gentlemanly accomplishment as
fencing, and one that is calculated to be more
useful. Fencing is a relic of the days of the
duello, which is popular now, simply because
of the physical development it promotes, and
the benefit to the health that follows its practise.
Boxing requires a little more brawn, quite as
quick mental work, and gives its votaries quite
as much development.

Savage nations have never been renowned as
boxers. Perhaps this is due to the fact that they
are not schooled to control their tempers as well

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

1 1

as their civilized brethren, and any contest that
brought two individuals into personal rivalry
was apt to lead to serious results. Indians,
South Sea Islanders, natives of Africa, and our
own Indians, had their diversions and games.
They ran races, threw javelins, jumped, swam,
etc., etc. But they never boxed. This fact is
significant. The very fact that boxing is to-day
so popular, and that contests prevail wherever
two or three lovers of physical development get
together, either in colleges, gymnasiums, or ath-
letic clubs, argues for the good effects of civiliza-
tion combined with physical training, in pro-
ducing self-control.

DON'TS.

There are several don'ts to be observed by
the aspirant for proficiency in boxing, especially
those of juvenile years.

You must never forget that you are striving
to benefit yourself by becoming proficient in this
art, and you can obtain no benefits to boast of
if you ever permit yourself to fight for the sake
of demonstrating your prowess, nor to enforce
your claims to bullydom.

Don't take it up, if you are inspired with the
idea that you will become a physical bully by
means of it. No man with the bully instinct in
him will ever become a good boxer. A slugger
he may be, but the fine points of the art, the
cool, nice head work will be entirely beyond him,
and in any contests with an opponent anywhere
near his physical equal he is sure to come off
second best.

Don't think that you will acquire proficiency

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH. 1 3

in a few days. It requires the quickest dexterity
not of a few muscles, but of all the muscles of
the body, to be a first-class boxer, and this can
only be obtained by long and careful training
of your body. Learning to box will itself give
you some training in this direction, but you will
have to devote a little time daily to the building
up of your physical powers for a long time if
you are a novice before you can give and take
the punishment of the padded gloves, easily and
without distress.

In the beginning the would-be boxer suffers
more distress from deficient lung power than
from any punishment his opponent inflicts.
Very few men or boys who have not devoted
time to systematic body building can spar three
rounds of three minutes each, without being
badly winded, and in a condition to offer very
little or any defence against attack.

A few minutes a day devoted to spirited bouts
will quickly develop staying power, which in
other words means simply increased lung power.
It may be greatly strengthened by practising
deep breathing, as advised on another page, and
taking short daily runs in the open air.

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BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

Don't tax your powers beyond a safe limit at
the start. Never keep up the strenuous pose
necessary in boxing, when your lung and ner-
vous powers begin to signal exhaustion.. Stop
when you begin to feel like giving out, and wait
until thoroughly rested. Ability to keep it up
for several rounds will come with a little per-
sistent and regular practise.

Don't get an idea in your head that you know
all about it after a little practise, and when you
have been able to best one opponent. Remem-
ber that sparring is a head game as well as one
of the muscles, and that if you are not always
alert, and in a condition to exercise all your
mental powers, some one will get the best of
you, will outgeneral you in working for an open-
ing.

Good wind, good digestion, good eyesight and
good temper are essentials in the make-up of a
first-class amateur boxer.

You will find it requires study and perse-
verance to become proficient in any branch of
business, a profession, or anything else in life;
so apply the same rule to boxing. Study care-
fully each movement of both your opponent and

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

self, and note the progress you are making.
And each time you don the gloves you will have
something in mind and know what to do.

No one can learn to box by constantly boxing
with the same person ; always be ready to put
the gloves on with any one you may meet, but
have it understood it is to be a friendly bout for
points and exercise. Where you have a friend
or acquaintance who is interested and wants to
learn, you can easily practise and study all the
different leads, guards, steps, ducks, etc., etc.
Try each time you make a lead to land quicker
and with more force. Avoid swinging at ran-
dom, and try to and deliver your blows straight
from the shoulder, backing them up with the
weight of the body and a little determination
"to get there."

A novice must be very careful in trying to
land a swTing and should not attempt it until he
has gained knowledge both in judging distance,
quickness and reach of his opponent. As you
are very apt to injure your hand or wrist, and
at the same time should you fail to land or
your adversary duck the blow, you will be out
of position and at his mercy.

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BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

Always keep cool, and though you are getting
more blows than you can give, don't for one
moment get confused and want to take the
gloves off or showr your temper by getting
angry ; then is just the time to study the dif-
ferent ways of defence and how to land effective
blows.

Always keep your eyes open, and constantly on
your opponent's eye. This to a beginner will be
hard to do, but it must be done, as it is one of the
most important features in boxing. The eyes and
the feet do equal turns with the hands. Avoid land-
ing a blow unless you can land it properly.

In starting to box always try and land the
first blow. Try and make your opponent lead
first, but do not let him land. By his leading
first and your avoiding his blowT will give you
some idea of his reach and quickness; you will
immediately gain confidence by landing the first
blow and in part discourage your opponent and
cause him to keep on the defence ; at least for
a time, it will confuse him, giving you time to
study his general manner as a boxer and size
up his position, etc., etc.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

17

Always keep watch for two things : opponent's
right when you lead with left and a weak place
in his guard. The right hand may prove dan-
gerous for you, and his weak spot may prove
dangerous for your opponent.

Never use the right to lead, always the left ;
lead with right hand in countering or after a left
lead, as you cannot well reach your opponent
with right unless well in or by shifting or turn-
ing the upper body.

In delivering a blow with the left hand, the
palm should always be turned dawn as the blow
lands, both in landing on the head or body;
otherwise you may injure the hand or wrist. By
turning the hand or palm down the bones of
the hand, wrist and arm, articulate in the joints
properly, and the strain is equal on each bone
and joint, according to its respective place, and
the knuckle surface of the glove will land
square.

The right hand should always be delivered
with the palm turned towards the body or turned
in, as the position of the arm requires. With
the forearm across the body, to turn the palm
down would tend to cross or twist certain

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BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

muscles of the arm, and cause a strain on the
muscles, and at the same time the bones would
not articulate properly.

Practice the different ways of landing a blow
on the striking bag or against some movable
object that will give with your blow.

No level-headed person will lose his temper
when knowing he must be hit in order to learn
boxing. The moment one loses his temper the
best thing to do is to stop right then and there
and remove the gloves, for he is in far greater
danger to himself than his adversary, as he tends
to set aside all rules of gentlemanly boxing and
resort to wild swings and slugging.

Learn to take a blow so as to give one in re-
turn a little better. You can easily do this by
letting your body sway slightly backward as
your opponent makes a lead and not lose your
position take the blow, which will have but little
effect, and before he can fully recover make a
straight lead, inclining the body forward.

Avoid hitting about the mouth, nose or eyes.
You will find plenty of room for blows that will
count in boxing without leaving a mark or ex-
citing anger.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

*9

You will find a blow on the nose or mouth is
very apt to start the blood and at the same time
arouse a little hard feeling. A blow near the eye
will discolor it, leave a mark for some time, and
is very apt to cause you to shorten the bout. Sides
of the face, neck, forehead, chest, abdomen and
sides of the body will give you plenty of target
practice without leaving marks or causing anger.

Don't slap or use the inside of the hand ; avoid
tapping or snapping the glove, but let the blow
be landed with the hand clinched, firmly using
only the back of the glove to strike, keeping the
hand open until you start to land the blow, then
clinch the hand firmly ; by so doing you keep the
hands rested and at the same time as you clinch
the hand it puts life and force into your blows.

Make up your mind to land a blow on some
certain point and keep at it until you land. It
will tend to give you better judgment of dis-
tance, quickens your blows, and makes you more
determined in your work.

I never took a boxing lesson in my life, but can
truthfully say I have taken many a hard blow in
order to learn, being fond of the sport as a
health-giving exercise.

20

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

To become a good, strong boxer, one must pay
attention to health and care of the body. I
found in order to box well I needed staying
power and good wind, activity of the muscles,
quickness of thought, determination and control
of temper. Each of which was made a careful
study. Deep breathing, always through the nos-
trils, exhaling with force through the mouth, at
intervals taking a long, deep breath and holding
it for a moment, at the same time raising the
chest, drawing the shoulders back, the stomach
in, exhaling slowly through the mouth. (By
this exercise with walking and running my ex-
pansion was increased from three to seven inches
ra one year.) Flexing the muscles, which is
contracting them by concentrating the mind on
any one part or set of the muscles, and at the
same time studying their location and action, see-
ing just what each muscle did in performing a
certain movement or duty. Taking regular ex-
ercise daily and noting the change in my general
improvement and development, which at first
seemed slow, but in time was most encouraging.

Striking bags of all kinds and makes are to be
had at very reasonable prices. You can get a

Shake hands.

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BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

bag and use it in your own room without dis-
turbing any in the house. By spending from
twenty to thirty minutes a day morning and
evening you gain the benefit of exercising and
can soon learn to deliver quick and accurate
blows, and at the same time strengthen your
hands, wrist, arms and shoulders.

Hands held high over head, arms straight then
swung down rapidly, crossing in front of the
chest, at the same time holding the breath with
the lungs filled wTill 'add greatly to your en-
durance and staying powrers. Standing erect
with legs straight, rise on toes and spring up-
ward, landing on the toes, alternate by landing
first on right then on left will strengthen the
ankle, calf or lower leg. Sinking to the floor,
body straight, bending only the knee, will de-
velop the upper leg or thigh.

All these simple exercises or movements can
be easily practised in your own room, and being
combined with boxing will greatly improve your
general health and condition.

POSITION.

Each boxer has his own style as to position ;
that is to say, the height or location of his left
hand and arm, whether he stands erect, inclines
forward, leans backward, or crouches. A good
position for a beginner to start with is : After
shaking hands step back with the right foot
about eighteen or twenty inches, according to
height'. Left arm extended, hand on line with
chin, elbow bent, palm turned in, right forearm
across upper part of body, hand on left breast,
palm turned down. Left shoulder turned for-
ward, chin drawn down towrard left shoulder,
body inclined slightly forward but straight ; the
right leg almost straight, the left knee bent well
forward. Feet almost at right angles ; weight
of the body on the balls of the feet. Keep mouth
closed, lips drawn tightly over the teeth ; breathe
through the nostrils. It is well to keep the lungs
partly filled. The shoulders, arms, and in fact

Position ready to box.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

^5

all parts of the body must feel perfectly free.
Do not hold the body rigid, but perfectly re-
laxed, though always ready. By keeping the
body rigid or the muscles contracted your move-
ments will be slow and strength soon exhausted.
Never stand still, always be moving about and
in motion, feinting and making believe you are
going to make a lead or land a blow, so as to keep
your opponent confused and constantly expect-
ing something.

Left lead blocked, with right landing straight left, to chin.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

27

Left Lead blocked, with Right Landing Straight,
Left to Chin.

After squaring off ready to box, make a feint —
that is, make believe you are going to deliver
a blow with left hand. This is done by a quick
jerk of the arms, raising the elbows and slightly
extending either hand, first one, then the other —
left preferred — as you are more apt to use the
left quicker, and it is safer to keep the right near
the body as a guard. This will tend to make
opponent strike out, or throw up his guard for
protection. As opponent leads left, block it with
right and let go the left for chin, which will
make a clean lead, and land.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

29

Straight Left Lead, Landing on Side of Head
Over Right Guard, Blocking Left with Right,

This is an attack where quickness and judg-
ment win, both in landing" and guarding. The
blow to the head is sufficient to cause your op-
ponent to be more careful, and, at the same time,
should he attempt to lead his left the right hand
blocking his left can easily be landed on the
body by turning slightly to the left and inclining
forward with some force. Block his left at the
same time left blow is delivered, by extending
the right hand, palm turned out.

locking left lead for head with left hand open, right hand in position to
land on body.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

31

Blocking Left Lead for Head with Left Hand
Open, Right Hand in Position to Land on
Body.

As opponent leads left for head, quickly pass
your left over with hand open, striking his wrist
or forearm ; at the same time press outward on
his left and let go the right quickly for the
body; just as right starts to land let go the left
and bring forearm with palm turned out about
a foot from the face, in case his right may be led
for the head.

' ' ' ■ I

Short right hook to chin by side-step to left, inclining slightly forward,
getting inside left guard, blocking right with left hand.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

Short Right Hook to Side of Chin by Side-Step
to Left, Inclining Slightly Forward, Getting
Inside of Left Guard, Blocking Right with
Left Hand Open.

As opponent makes least attempt to lead left
or takes the right hand, feint, step quickly to
the left, moving only left foot, at the same time
incline the body forward, bringing the right
hand to side of chin or head, the arm stiff, using
the chest and shoulder muscles to swing or land
the blow. At the same time block opponent's
right hand with left hand, open, pressing against
the wrist or glove. To recover draw right hand
down to opponent's breast and push back.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

35

Left Upper-cut to Chin, Avoiding a Right Lead
for the Head, Guarding the Body with Right.

As opponent leads right for head, turn head
and shoulder slightly to the left, just enough to
allow the blow to glance over the shoulder, at
the same time bring the left hand with force up
to the chin, palm turned in, keeping the arm in
same position as when sparring for an opening
(arm bent at elbow), using shoulder muscles,
the arm rigid ; body need not move, as opponent
must incline toward you in order to lead or use
the right. With the right arm low, guarding
the body, you can easily follow with a right lead
and land for the body.

Head and upper body inclined backward from straight left lead for the
chin, keeping in position to land before opponent can recover.

BOXING FOR SKILL AXD HEALTH.

37

Head and Upper Body Inclined Backward from
a Straight Left Lead for the Chin, Keeping
in Position to Land before Opponent Can Re-
cover.

Instead of using the hands or arms to guard
all the blows, learn to incline the body quickly
from a lead and retain the proper position. As
opponent leads for the head or chin, draw the
upper body and head quickly back, saving the
arms and keeping out of danger and at the same
time ready to lead and land before opponent can
recover. This requires quickness and judgment
of distance and should be practised daily.

Recovering after backward incline with quick left lead for head,

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

39

Recovering after Backward Incline with Quick
Left Lead for Head.

As opponent's lead has reached its limit, im-
mediately resume position, leading straight left
for the head, inclining the body well forward.
Let the blow be directed upward and with
force, with right arm across the upper body of
chest, ready to block or land right to the body.
When left lead is blocked or guarded with right
forearm, incline body to left and lead right for
the body, using the weight of the body behind
the blow.

Right cross-counter to head, blocking right with left hand.

BOXIXG FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

41

Right Cross-Counter to Head, Blocking Right
with Left Hand.

As opponent starts left lead for head, incline
body to left, landing right hand with half swing
and half straight over his upper arm to side of
head. Palm turned down, knuckle part of the
glove, landing square on the head. As right
blow lands, extend left hand so as to block op-
ponent's right, keeping him from a rush or using
his right for an upper-cut.

Right counter to body, slight duck from left lead for the head ; left hand
and arm passing between opponent's right arm and body.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

43

Right Counter to Body, Slight Duck from Left
Lead for the Head; Left Hand and Arms Pass-
ing between Opponent's Right Arm and Side.

This blow is similar to right cross-counter,
only it is lower and lands on the body under the
arm. As left is started for the head incline the
body to the left, allowing opponent's lead to
pass, or glance by ; at the same time let go with
right for the body, stepping in with the left foot
and with left arm slightly extended, force it be-
tween opponent's right side and arm, with the
elbow bent outward, blocking or preventing his
using the right hand.

Blocking left lead for the head with left glove open, leading right to body.

BOXIXG FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

45

Blocking Left Lead for the Head with Left
Glove Open, Landing Right to Body.

This blow is very much the same as right
counter to body; instead of side-stepping the
body crouches lower, bending the left knee for-
word, passing the left hand quickly to the right,
hand open, grasping opponent's wrist and press-
ing it upward and outward at the same time;
immediately let go with right for the left side
of the body, putting your weight against his
body.

Blocking left lead to body with right, leading left for head being blocked

with right.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

47

Blocking Left Lead to Body with Right, Lead-
ing Left for Head Being Blocked with Right.

This illustration shows a double lead and
guard, or block, by both opponents.

The left hand to face can be landed to the side
of body by quick downward thrusts, then short
upper-cut by being quick enough to avoid op-
ponent making a short right hook to chin before
blow lands on body.

Side-step to right, ducking left lead for the head, landing left swing to body,

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

49

Side-step to Right, Ducking Left Lead for the
Head, Landing Left Swing to Body.

As opponent starts left lead for the head, side-
step quickly to the right, using only the right
foot, ducking the head well under his left', land-
ing left swing to body ; at the same time
straighten up and let go the right for side of the
head.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

Blocking a Rush.

As opponent starts to rush in, swinging wild
and apt to clinch, feint with both hands at the
same time, with elbows inclined outward, then
spring quickly forward, grasping him by the up-
per arm and with a firm grip force him from
you ; at the same time relax your hold and let
go with right to side of head or chin.

Blocking left lead for head with right forearm, countering on head with
short left swing.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

53

Blocking Left Lead for Head with Right Fore-
arm, Countering on Head with Left Short
Swing.

As opponent leads left for head, raise right
forearm to front of face, palm turned out, so as
to catch the hand or wrist on the fleshy part of
the arm ; do not raise the arm too high, as you
may lose sight of his right. Elbow turned a little
forward, then let go with left by landing it on
chin from proper position left arm is kept in
boxing.

Be careful not to force his left too far, as it
will leave an opening for his right in case the
left lead to chin should fail to land.

issing left lead for the head, blocking right body blow with left, landing
right upper-cut to chin.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH. 5

Missing Left Lead for the Head, Blocking
Right Body Blow with Left, Landing Right
Upper-cut to Chin.

Incline the body slightly to the left as left lead
for head is started, raise elbow guarding off the
blow, let go with the right by bringing it up to
the chin with a swing or otherwise, an upper-cut
which is started upward with force from the line
of the belt, raising the body to its full length,
raising the shoulder. As right lead is started
press out and down with left, so as to block
right lead for the body.

Landing short left swing to side of body before it can be blocked, right
hand stopping a left lead for the body.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

57

Landing Short Left Swing to Side of Body be-
fore It Can Be Blocked, Right Hand Stepping
a Left Lead for the Body.

Opponent has made a feint with left shoulder
and arm, or made believe he intends to lead for
head, drawing right guard high, then let go with
short left swing for side of body, landing the
blow with but little resistance or defence. Hold
right to block left lead for the body.

Ducking a left lead for the head, countering on the kidneys with right.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

59

Ducking a Left Lead for the Head, Countering
on the Kidneys with Right.

As left lead for head is started, duck to the
left, raising left hand high, passing it to the
right, hand open ; step out with right foot to the
right, swinging right to opponent's back, palm
turned down ; the right hand across the face will
protect and guard against a right-hand counter.

Feinting with left to draw right lead for body, allowing it to land or glance

ky, sending short swing to head with left*

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

61

Feinting with Left to Draw Right Lead for
Body, Allowing It to Land or Glance By,
Sending Short Swing to Head with Left.

Feint with left or make believe left is to lead
for head to draw out right hand lead for the
body ; as right lead starts, turn the body slightly
to the right, causing the blow to glance off, or
set the body muscles to take it, then let go with
the left for side of the head, swinging the blow
upward, using the chest and shoulder muscles
to deliver the blow, and with right hand open,
palm turned out, block the left, pressing outward.

Ducking right swing for the head, right hand being blocked with left-

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

63

Ducking Right Swing for the Head, Right Hand
Being Blocked with Left.

A left lead may land without effect, and in the
attempt to land right to body opponent may try
a right swing for the head; watch his right, and,
if he starts a swing, duck low, allowing the blow
to go over the head ; as the right is blocked with
his left, incline to the left and let go a left swing
for side of body.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH. 65

Starting Left Swing for the Head, Guarding and
Ready to Block with Right.

Feint or make believe you are going to lead
with a swing by drawing the left back several
times in quick succession ; at the same time make
it appear the right is going to lead for the body,
causing opponent to lower his guard both right
and left, then go with the left for head quickly
with deliberate aim for the lower side of the
head. Be very careful not to land on back of
head, and clear opponent's elbow, or otherwise
you may injure your hand, and by swinging too
high the blow may be ducked, giving opponent
a chance to deliver his right to body with serious
result. But if swing is properly landed it is a
most effective blow.

Ducking left swing, landing right to body,

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

67

Ducking Left Swing, Landing Right to Body.

This is the effect of delivering a swing too
high where opponent has ducked, allowing the
blow to go over his head ; at the same time his
right lands with force to body, with left in posi-
tion to land upper-cut to face and recover posi-
tion without the least danger of receiving a blow.

Blocking left lead to head with right, landing left swing to head.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

69

Blocking Left Lead to Head with Right, Land-
ing Left Swing to Head.

Feint opponent, same as in starting left swing
for head. As he makes left lead to head, which
is often done to stop feinting, side-step or in-
cline slightly to the right, block his left with
right hand open, pressing his hand and arm be-
fore you with force, turning him half around,
then let go with left swing for the chin and jump
back.

illi 'Siiifp 111

8

Landing short right hook to chin, inside left lead to head, blocking right to
body with left.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

71

Land Short Right Hook to Chin, Inside Left
Lead to Head, Blocking Right to Body with
Left.

As opponent leads left for head, incline head
slightly to the left, raise right shoulder and fore-
arm, so the glove is on line with his chin ; as
glove passes neck, send right to chin, turning
the palm slightly down, blocking his right with
left by pressing down, thus landing right and
avoiding a blow.

F einting with left, side-stepping to left, landing left to side of head, right in
position to land on body to stop rush or clinch.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

73

Feinting with Left, Side-stepping to Left, Land-
ing Left to Side of Head, Right in Position to
Land on Body to Stop Rush or Clinch.

To properly execute this movement requires
quickness, skill, and good judgment. Feint and
keep well to the right of opponent ; make believe
you are trying to land your right on body, draw-
ing his guard low and forcing him to use his
left to your body, then quickly side-step to left,
with left foot first, following with right, inclin-
ing the body forward, which brings you well to
his side ; then let go with left for head, right in
position to land on body in case he attempts to
rush into a clinch ; let go your right any way,
as it will land on body between his guard.

Blocking left lead for body with right forearm, stepping in and landing left

hook to side of head.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

75

Blocking Left Lead for Body with Right Fore-
arm, Stepping in and Landing Left Hook to
Side of Head.

Keep right guard high, making believe right
will lead as opponent attempts to lead left to
body ; quickly lower right guard to body, taking
blow on forearm, stepping in or drawing right
foot to side of left ; land short swing with left to
side of head, and immediately spring backward
into position.

A double rush, blocking with both arms.

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

77

A Double Rush, Blocking Both Arms.

This will often occur both in amateur and pro-
fessional boxing. It is caused by both trying to
avoid body blows ; the stronger or quicker has
the advantage. As opponent rushes in to clinch,
grasp right arm with left hand, forcing it across
the left arm and body, the right forearm well up,
keeping elbow down, pressing right forearm
against his right and forcing him from you.
Immediately you feel opponent pressing against
your guard try and spring backward and let go
with right hand lead for side of head (a short
swing is better and more effective), then lead at
once the left for the body, landing a straight
lead.

Landing right to body with head in danger of a right upper-cut,

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

79

Landing Right to Body with Head in Danger
of a Right Upper-cut.

Cut No. 12 is almost identical to this illustra-
tion.

As opponent takes the feint and starts his
right for the body, incline slightly to the left,
keeping left arm close to the body, allowing him
to land ; at the same time let go with right for
head, landing short upper-cut.

8o

BOXING FOR SKILL AND HEALTH.

SOME TRICKS IN BOXING.

Keep your hands in motion, feinting or make
believe you are going to deliver a blow. Drop
your eyes to your opponent's body, feinting with
either hand, making believe you are going to
land a blow on the body, but watch his move-
ments by paying attention to what lead he may
make. Occasionally turn your head as if look-
ing to one side or over your opponent's shoul-
der, or glance down at your feet. Let both hands
drop to sides of body and look square into your
opponent's eyes. Turn your hand or wrist as if
something was wrong, extend the left foot well
out in front and draw it back slowly, attracting
your opponent's attention from the gloves.
Draw either hand wTell back as if you were going
to swing or land a swinging blow, but let go
with either hand at straight lead.

All of these are tricks practised by profes-
sional boxers for misleading or confusing an op-
ponent. He will, nine times out of ten, think
something is wrong with you, and relax his
guard, giving a clean opening.

! PHYSICAL I
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How Health and Strength Are Gained

THE
THREE GREAT
REMEDIES

Feasting
Hydropathy

of nature ( Exercise

BY

BERNARR MACFADDEN and FELIX OSWALD, A.M., M.D.

Every organism a self-regulating apparatus. Nature's
protests against health-destroying habits. Starve a man
and you also starve his diseases. One or more meals daily.
Brain work interferes with digestion. Curative influence
of meager diet. Unnatural appetites no natural limit.
Disease caused by eating in excess supply gastric juice.
Protracted fasts. Instances of remarkable cures. No
microbe has a chance against fasting method. Seven-day
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Cold, Nature's specific for cure of germ disease. Agues
yield to influence of cold air. Northern inhabitants
stronger than Southern. Hydropathy a true remedy. The
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BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS

IN VOLS. I., II., III., IV. AND V.

PHYSICAL CULTURE

1123 Bro^dwa^y New York City
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VOL. I. CONTAINS :

Development of Strength and Energy — The Development of Mus-
cular Vigor — Is Genius a Disease? — How to Keep Cool— The Drug
Curse — Murder of Children by Parental Ignorance, all by Bernarr Mac-
fadden, and a great many other interesting articles by others.

VOL. II. CONTAINS:

The Editor's Personal Experience — Fundamental Demands of
Health— How to Strengthen Weak Eyes, by Bernarr Macfadden —
Method of Physical Culture of Prominent Players — Physical Education
of Women, by Dr. Julia Holmes — Physical Culture without Apparatus,
by Benarr Macfadden— Cause and Cure of Colds— Consumption Curable
—Physical Culture with a Chair, by Bernarr Macfadden— Cause and
Cure of Catarrh, by Dr. Jacquemin — Physical Culture for Babies, by
Bernarr Macfadden, etc.

VOL. III. CONTAINS:

Resisting Exercises, by Bernarr Macfadden— Rational Dress— How
to Develop Strong, Shapely Legs— Wrestling as an Exercise, by Bernarr
Macfadden — Physical Culture for Boys and Girls, by Bernarr Mac-
fadden—Some Home Truths, by Dr. Page — Treatment of Constipa-
tion without Medicine, by Dr. Steele— Astounding Theory of Colds and
Cold Air, by Bernarr Macfadden — Dumbbell Exercises— Food as
Cumulative Poison — Editor's Fasting Experiment, etc.

VOL. IV. CONTAINS:

Physical Culture While Walking, by Bernarr Macfadden— Health
Items, by Dr. Oswald— New-Fashioned Ideas on Health, by Dr. Rein-
hold— Correction of Deformities — The Ice Water Habit — About Sun and
Air Baths, by Dr. Page— The Food We Eat— Physical Culture in Public
Schools— Paralysis Cured by Physical Culture— Physical Culture for
Children, by Bernarr Macfadden— Conditions and Habits of Man— The
Cold Water Cure of Fevers— Meat-Eating Folly— International Health
Notes, by Dr. Oswald Right of State in Compulsory Medication-
Notable Examples of Physical Culture— After a Seven-Days' Fast, by
Bernarr Macfadden— Medical Science: What It Is— Stretching Exer-
cises, by Bernarr Macfadden.

VOL. V. CONTAINS:

Living on Five Cents a Day — How Vaccine Is Made— Cure of
Rheumatism — The New Century— Genesis of Prudery— S c i e n c e of
Wrestling— Corrective Exercises— Bag Punching — Indian Methods of
Development— Mental and Physical Development— Consumption Cured
by Physical Culture— Exercises for the Aged— Asthma Cured — Exer-
cises for Obesity — Fencing in Public Schools— Bug-a-boos of the Med-
ical Profession —Paralysis and Nature Cure — Prudes Responsible for
Vice — Art of the Japanese Jejuits— Habits and Conditions of Man-
Curing Deformities— Curative Powers of Exercise.

STRENGTH

from EATING

By BERNARR MACFADDEN

How and What to Eat and Drink to Develop Supple-
ness, Strength and Beauty of Body

BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS

Value of Normal Appetite. Digestion Begins in
Mouth. Importance of Mastification. Process of
Digestion. Air, Water and Solids as Foods. One,
Two and Three Meals a Day Plan Discussed. Meat
and Mixed Diet. Vegetarian Diet. Cooking. Raw
Foods. Health Foods. Importance of Proper
Foods. Influence of Occupation. Temperament on
Appetite. Influence of Temperature on Demand for
Food. Overeating and Its Evils. Effect of Liquors.
Drinking at Meals. Coffee and Tea Evils. White
Bread Evil. Elements of Common Foods. What to
Select in the Way of Food to Produce Fat, Muscular
Tissue, Mental Activity. Complete list of the chief
food products, with their chemical analyses.

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NO BOXER WILL EVER BECOME PROFICIENT

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75he Virile Powers
of Sviperb Maurvhood

BY

BERNARR MACFADDEN

ASSISTED BY MEDICAL AND OTHER AUTHORITIES

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other stimulants. Electric Belt fake. Promiscuous intercourse. Im-
potence, from old age and other causes. Undeveloped organs. Vari-
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- System of Exercises for Strengthening Sexual Power. Diet Bathing.
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One of the latest poses of the anther,
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COSTTEITTS.

Cause of loss of hair mav be local or constitu-
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Hot and cold applications. .

Is baldness remediable? A remedv for baldness.
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